Nibihe Byuma bya Molecular bikoreshwa muri peteroli yo gutunganya peteroli ya FCC?
Catalizike ya FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) nicyiciro cyibikoresho byinshi bya catalitiki ikoreshwa mugutunganya peteroli kugirango ihindure neza hydrocarbone iremereye - agaciro - hiyongereyeho ibicuruzwa nka lisansi, gaze ya peteroli ya lisansi, na olefine yoroheje. Mubisanzwe bigizwe nibintu bikora, ibikoresho bya matrix, binders, hamwe nuwuzuza.
Ubwoko nimirimo ya molekulari ya sikeri ya catalizike ya FCC
Cataliseri ya FCC ifite acide nyinshi, hydrothermal stabilite, hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya -, zibafasha guteza imbere imyifatire nko guturika, isomerisation, no guhererekanya hydrogène ya hydrocarbone ya macromolecular mu gihe cyo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Byongeye kandi, muguhindura ubwoko bwa molekile ya elegitoronike, ibirimo isi idasanzwe, acide, hamwe nimiterere ya pore, umusaruro no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigenewe nka lisansi, propylene, na LPG birashobora kuba byiza.
Kubwibyo, ibice bitandukanye bya molekuline muri catalizike ya FCC cyane cyane bigira uruhare runini rwuzuzanya. Y - ubwoko bwa molekile ya elegitoronike nuburyo bwahinduwe nibintu byingenzi bigize ibice bya catalizike ya FCC. Amashanyarazi ya Beta arashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibice, isomerisation, hamwe no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya hydrocarbone yihariye. Nkinyongera ikora, ZSM - 5 irashobora kuzamura umusaruro wa olefine yoroheje. Kandi amashanyarazi ya ZSM-11 akoreshwa muguhitamo imiterere ya hydrocarbone no kugenzura olefine yoroheje.
UKORESHE Molecular Icyuma: Ibyingenzi Byingenzi Byingenzi
Y - andika molekileni shingiro ryibanze - ibice bikora kuri FCC, naUltrastable Y (USY)ni ubwoko bwiganjemo ubwoko bwa zeolite. Hejuru - silika Y cyangwaYamaganwe Y (UMUNSI)byombi USY ya molekile ya sikeri. USY irashobora kumvikana nka Y - ubwoko bwa zeolite bwakorewe imiti ihamye nko kuvura no kuvura hydrothermal.
Nkuko catalizike ya FCC igenda ikurikirana inshuro nyinshi zo kwitwara no guhindurwa bashya, bagomba guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nicyuka - ibidukikije bikungahaye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, USY yerekana hydrothermal stabilite, irwanya imbaraga zo guhagarika amavuta, umutekano muke, hamwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwo kumena molekile nini.
REY / RE - UKORESHE UMUKORO WA Molecular: Kuringaniza Igikorwa, Kokiya hamwe
Ntibisanzwe - isi yahinduwe Y zeolite ifite agaciro gakomeye munganda muri catalizator ya FCC. Ibintu bidasanzwe - ibintu birimo isi birimo La, Ce, na Nd. Ntibisanzwe - guhanahana isi birashobora guteza imbere ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hydrothermal stabilite, acide, ibikorwa, hamwe no guhitamo kokiya ya Y - ubwoko bwa zeolite ya molekile.
KubwibyoREY (Ntibisanzwe - Isi Y)naRE - UKORESHEJWE (Ntibisanzwe - Ultra Isi - Ihamye Y)amashanyarazi ya molekuline akoreshwa mubikomoka kuri peteroli FCC, kugirango yongere ibikorwa kandi bihamye, no gushyira mu gaciro mubikorwa bya catalitiki, umusaruro wa kokiya, no guhitamo lisansi / mazutu.
Icyuma cya molekulari ya Beta: Itezimbere Hydrocarbone yihariye
Beta ntabwo aribanze nyamukuru ya molekile ya sikeri muri catalizike ya FCC, bitandukanye na USY. Ariko, ahubwo, biranga ibintu byihariye cyangwa imikorere ya zeolite ya molekile yahinduwe.
Amashanyarazi ya betaifite topologiya ya BEA kandi iranga sisitemu - nini nini - pore sisitemu. Acide yayo ikomeye hamwe numuyoboro munini wa pore ituma ikoreshwa mugukoresha FCC mugukoresha hydrocarbon yamenetse, isomerisation, hamwe na hydrocracking - reaction zifitanye isano, ndetse no kunoza hagati - gutandukanya guhitamo no guteza imbere ihinduka rya hydrocarbone yihariye.
ZSM-5 Icyuma cya molekulari: Guteza imbere urumuri rwa Olefins
Uruhare rwaZSM-5 icyuma cya molekilemubikorwa bya FCC biratandukanye, ikora nkinyongera ya catalizike ya FCC. Mugihe Y - ubwoko bwa zeolite bushinzwe cyane cyane kumena molekile nini ziremereye -, ZSM - 5 yibanda cyane ku guhinduranya hydrocarbone ya lisansi kandi ikanazamura umusaruro wa olefine yoroheje.
ZSM - 5 zeolite iranga urwego rwa MFI rufite imiterere ya microporome kandi ikerekana imiterere-ihitamo catalitiki iranga. Kwinjiza ZSM-5 muri sisitemu ya FCC mubisanzwe byongera umusaruro wa propylene, Ethylene, LPG, na olefine yoroheje, igabanya lisansi cyangwa ihindura olefin yibigize lisansi. Kandi guhuza USY na ZSM-5 molekile ya sikari ni sisitemu ya catalizike ya FCC.
ZSM - 11 Icyuma cya molekulari: Igenga Cyangwa Igishusho-cyatoranijwe
ZSM-11 icyuma cya molekileni ibya MEL topologiya, imiterere isa cyane na MFI imiterere ya ZSM - 5. Imikorere yacyo mubikorwa bya FCC nko guhitamo imiterere-gutoranya gucamo no kugenzura olefin, nayo irasa niy'imashini ya ZSM-5.
Mubikorwa byinganda bya FCC, ZSM - 11 icyuma cya molekile gishobora gukoreshwa mugutobora hydrocarubone, aromatisation, na isomerisation, cyangwa gukoreshwa nkinyongera ya catalizike ya FCC. Ariko, kubijyanye ninganda-nganda zikoreshwa na FCC, amashanyarazi ya ZSM-11 ntabwo ari make cyane ugereranije na ZSM-5.
Sinmatikikabuhariwe mu gutanga amashanyarazi ya zeolite ya catalizator ya FCC, harimo Y - ubwoko bwa molekile ya molekile (NaY, HY, USY, REY, RE - UKORESHEJWE, UMUNSI), icyuma cya molekulari, icyuma cya ZSM-5, na ZSM-11. Kubindi bisobanuro, nyamuneka reba urupapuro rwibicuruzwa.
